Feat/concurrent deployments in memory queue (#4645)

* feat: add builds concurrency management for servers

- Introduced a new `BuildsConcurrency` component to manage the number of concurrent builds for both local and remote servers, gated by license validity.
- Implemented backend logic to resolve effective builds concurrency based on server settings and organization licenses.
- Added unit tests for concurrency resolution logic to ensure correct behavior under various licensing scenarios.
- Updated database schema to include `buildsConcurrency` field for servers and web server settings.
- Refactored deployment queue to support in-memory job processing with configurable concurrency limits.

This feature enhances deployment flexibility and control for enterprise users.

* refactor: enhance deployment cancellation logic and improve Railpack build isolation

- Reintroduced the `initCancelDeployments` function in the server initialization sequence to ensure deployments can be canceled effectively.
- Updated the Railpack build command to use a unique builder name for each build, preventing conflicts during concurrent deployments.
- Enhanced the cancellation logic to reset application and compose statuses to "idle" after canceling running deployments, improving system reliability.

* test: add buildsConcurrency setting to server configuration tests

- Introduced a new `buildsConcurrency` property in the server configuration tests to ensure proper handling of concurrent builds in deployment scenarios.

* feat: implement builds concurrency management and validation

- Added `assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed` function to validate concurrency settings based on license status.
- Updated `resolveBuildsConcurrency` to reflect new concurrency limits for free and enterprise tiers.
- Enhanced `BuildsConcurrency` component to manage concurrent builds for servers, with UI adjustments for better user experience.
- Introduced a new settings page for managing concurrent builds across servers, ensuring proper handling of deployments.
- Updated database schema to support increased maximum concurrency values for servers and web server settings.

apps/dokploy/__test__/queues/concurrency.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+const hasValidLicense = vi.fn();
+const getWebServerSettings = vi.fn();
+const findFirstOrg = vi.fn();
+const findFirstServer = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("@dokploy/server/db", () => ({
+	db: {
+		query: {
+			organization: {
+				findFirst: (...args: unknown[]) => findFirstOrg(...args),
+			},
+			server: {
+				findFirst: (...args: unknown[]) => findFirstServer(...args),
+			},
+		},
+	},
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@dokploy/server/db/schema", () => ({
+	organization: {},
+	server: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@dokploy/server/services/proprietary/license-key", () => ({
+	hasValidLicense: (...args: unknown[]) => hasValidLicense(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@dokploy/server/services/web-server-settings", () => ({
+	getWebServerSettings: (...args: unknown[]) => getWebServerSettings(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("drizzle-orm", () => ({ eq: vi.fn() }));
+
+import {
+	assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed,
+	resolveBuildsConcurrency,
+} from "../../server/queues/concurrency";
+import { LOCAL_PARTITION } from "../../server/queues/in-memory-queue";
+
+describe("resolveBuildsConcurrency (enterprise gating)", () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.clearAllMocks();
+		findFirstOrg.mockResolvedValue({ id: "org-1" });
+	});
+
+	describe("local web server partition", () => {
+		it("returns the configured concurrency when licensed", async () => {
+			getWebServerSettings.mockResolvedValue({ buildsConcurrency: 5 });
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(5);
+		});
+
+		it("clamps to the free max (2) when there is no valid license", async () => {
+			getWebServerSettings.mockResolvedValue({ buildsConcurrency: 10 });
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(2);
+		});
+
+		it("allows the free max (2) without a license", async () => {
+			getWebServerSettings.mockResolvedValue({ buildsConcurrency: 2 });
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(2);
+		});
+
+		it("does not cap the value when licensed (N allowed)", async () => {
+			getWebServerSettings.mockResolvedValue({ buildsConcurrency: 999 });
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(
+				999,
+			);
+		});
+
+		it("defaults to 1 when settings are missing", async () => {
+			getWebServerSettings.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe("remote server partition", () => {
+		it("returns the server concurrency when its org is licensed", async () => {
+			findFirstServer.mockResolvedValue({
+				buildsConcurrency: 4,
+				organizationId: "org-1",
+			});
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(true);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency("server-1")).resolves.toBe(4);
+			expect(hasValidLicense).toHaveBeenCalledWith("org-1");
+		});
+
+		it("clamps to the free max (2) when the server org is not licensed", async () => {
+			findFirstServer.mockResolvedValue({
+				buildsConcurrency: 8,
+				organizationId: "org-1",
+			});
+			hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(false);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency("server-1")).resolves.toBe(2);
+		});
+
+		it("defaults to 1 for an unknown server", async () => {
+			findFirstServer.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+			await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency("ghost")).resolves.toBe(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	it("falls back to 1 if resolution throws", async () => {
+		getWebServerSettings.mockRejectedValue(new Error("db down"));
+
+		await expect(resolveBuildsConcurrency(LOCAL_PARTITION)).resolves.toBe(1);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed", () => {
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		vi.clearAllMocks();
+	});
+
+	it("allows up to the free max (2) without checking the license", async () => {
+		await expect(
+			assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed(2, "org-1"),
+		).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+		expect(hasValidLicense).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+	});
+
+	it("allows more than 2 when licensed", async () => {
+		hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(true);
+		await expect(
+			assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed(5, "org-1"),
+		).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+	});
+
+	it("rejects more than 2 without a license", async () => {
+		hasValidLicense.mockResolvedValue(false);
+		await expect(assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed(3, "org-1")).rejects.toThrow(
+			/enterprise license/i,
+		);
+	});
+});

apps/dokploy/__test__/queues/in-memory-queue.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import {
+	getGroup,
+	getPartition,
+	InMemoryQueue,
+	LOCAL_PARTITION,
+} from "../../server/queues/in-memory-queue";
+import type { DeploymentJob } from "../../server/queues/queue-types";
+
+const appJob = (applicationId: string, serverId?: string): DeploymentJob => ({
+	applicationId,
+	titleLog: "deploy",
+	descriptionLog: "",
+	type: "deploy",
+	applicationType: "application",
+	serverId,
+});
+
+const composeJob = (composeId: string, serverId?: string): DeploymentJob => ({
+	composeId,
+	titleLog: "deploy",
+	descriptionLog: "",
+	type: "deploy",
+	applicationType: "compose",
+	serverId,
+});
+
+/** A controllable async task: resolves only when `release()` is called. */
+const deferred = () => {
+	let resolve!: () => void;
+	const promise = new Promise<void>((r) => {
+		resolve = r;
+	});
+	return { promise, release: resolve };
+};
+
+const flush = () => new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 0));
+
+describe("getPartition / getGroup", () => {
+	it("partitions by serverId, falling back to the local partition", () => {
+		expect(getPartition(appJob("a"))).toBe(LOCAL_PARTITION);
+		expect(getPartition(appJob("a", "server-1"))).toBe("server-1");
+	});
+
+	it("groups applications and compose by their id", () => {
+		expect(getGroup(appJob("a"))).toBe("application:a");
+		expect(getGroup(composeJob("c"))).toBe("compose:c");
+	});
+});
+
+describe("InMemoryQueue concurrency", () => {
+	let nowValue = 0;
+	const now = () => ++nowValue;
+
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		nowValue = 0;
+	});
+
+	it("runs different applications concurrently up to the limit", async () => {
+		const tasks = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof deferred>>();
+		const started: string[] = [];
+
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 2, now });
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = (job.data as any).applicationId;
+			started.push(id);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.set(id, d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("c"));
+		await flush();
+
+		// Concurrency 2 -> only a and b start, c waits.
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+
+		tasks.get("a")!.release();
+		await flush();
+
+		// A slot freed -> c starts.
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a", "b", "c"]);
+	});
+
+	it("serializes jobs of the same application (per-group FIFO)", async () => {
+		const tasks: Array<ReturnType<typeof deferred>> = [];
+		const started: number[] = [];
+		let counter = 0;
+
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 5, now });
+		queue.process(async () => {
+			started.push(++counter);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.push(d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		// Two deploys of the SAME app, even with concurrency 5.
+		await queue.add(appJob("same"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("same"));
+		await flush();
+
+		// Only the first one runs; the second waits for the group to free.
+		expect(started).toEqual([1]);
+
+		tasks[0]!.release();
+		await flush();
+
+		expect(started).toEqual([1, 2]);
+	});
+
+	it("isolates concurrency per server partition", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const tasks = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof deferred>>();
+
+		// server-1 allows 1, server-2 allows 1, but they are independent.
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({
+			resolveConcurrency: () => 1,
+			now,
+		});
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = `${job.data.serverId}:${(job.data as any).applicationId}`;
+			started.push(id);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.set(id, d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a", "server-1"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b", "server-2"));
+		await flush();
+
+		// One per partition runs in parallel despite concurrency 1 each.
+		expect(started.sort()).toEqual(["server-1:a", "server-2:b"]);
+	});
+
+	it("honors a different concurrency per server", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const tasks = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof deferred>>();
+
+		// server-fast allows 2, server-slow allows 1.
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({
+			resolveConcurrency: (partition) => (partition === "server-fast" ? 2 : 1),
+			now,
+		});
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = `${job.data.serverId}:${(job.data as any).applicationId}`;
+			started.push(id);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.set(id, d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a", "server-fast"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b", "server-fast"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("c", "server-slow"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("d", "server-slow"));
+		await flush();
+
+		// server-fast runs 2 in parallel; server-slow only 1.
+		expect(started.sort()).toEqual([
+			"server-fast:a",
+			"server-fast:b",
+			"server-slow:c",
+		]);
+
+		// Free a server-slow slot -> its queued app starts.
+		tasks.get("server-slow:c")!.release();
+		await flush();
+		expect(started).toContain("server-slow:d");
+	});
+
+	it("serializes the same app on a server even with spare concurrency", async () => {
+		const started: number[] = [];
+		const tasks: Array<ReturnType<typeof deferred>> = [];
+		let counter = 0;
+
+		// Plenty of room (concurrency 2) but two deploys of the SAME app.
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 2, now });
+		queue.process(async () => {
+			started.push(++counter);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.push(d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("app-x", "server-1"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("app-x", "server-1"));
+		await flush();
+
+		// Only one build of app-x runs despite 2 free slots.
+		expect(started).toEqual([1]);
+
+		tasks[0]!.release();
+		await flush();
+		expect(started).toEqual([1, 2]);
+	});
+
+	it("clamps concurrency below 1 up to 1 (license-disabled behaviour)", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const tasks = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof deferred>>();
+
+		// Simulate a non-licensed resolver returning 0 — must still run 1.
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 0, now });
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = (job.data as any).applicationId;
+			started.push(id);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.set(id, d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b"));
+		await flush();
+
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a"]);
+	});
+
+	it("picks up concurrency changes between scheduling ticks", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const tasks = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof deferred>>();
+		let limit = 1;
+
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({
+			resolveConcurrency: () => limit,
+			now,
+		});
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = (job.data as any).applicationId;
+			started.push(id);
+			const d = deferred();
+			tasks.set(id, d);
+			await d.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b"));
+		await flush();
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a"]);
+
+		// Raise the limit (e.g. license activated) and release the running job
+		// so a new tick observes the new concurrency.
+		limit = 2;
+		tasks.get("a")!.release();
+		await flush();
+
+		expect(started).toContain("b");
+	});
+});
+
+describe("InMemoryQueue job management", () => {
+	it("lists waiting jobs and removes them by predicate", async () => {
+		const block = deferred();
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 1 });
+		queue.process(async () => {
+			await block.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("running"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("waiting-1"));
+		await queue.add(composeJob("waiting-2"));
+		await flush();
+
+		const waiting = await queue.getJobs(["waiting"]);
+		expect(waiting.map((j) => j.data)).toHaveLength(2);
+
+		const removed = queue.removeWaiting(
+			(data) => (data as any).applicationId === "waiting-1",
+		);
+		expect(removed).toBe(1);
+
+		const after = await queue.getJobs(["waiting"]);
+		expect(after).toHaveLength(1);
+	});
+
+	it("clears all waiting jobs", async () => {
+		const block = deferred();
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 1 });
+		queue.process(async () => {
+			await block.promise;
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("running"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("waiting-1"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("waiting-2"));
+		await flush();
+
+		expect(queue.clearWaiting()).toBe(2);
+		expect(await queue.getJobs(["waiting"])).toHaveLength(0);
+	});
+
+	it("starts processing as soon as a processor is registered", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 5 });
+
+		// No processor yet -> jobs queue but do not run.
+		await queue.add(appJob("a"));
+		await flush();
+		expect(started).toEqual([]);
+
+		// Registering the processor auto-starts the queue (no separate run()).
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			started.push((job.data as any).applicationId);
+		});
+		await flush();
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a"]);
+	});
+
+	it("continues scheduling after a job throws", async () => {
+		const started: string[] = [];
+		const queue = new InMemoryQueue({ resolveConcurrency: () => 1 });
+		queue.process(async (job) => {
+			const id = (job.data as any).applicationId;
+			started.push(id);
+			if (id === "a") throw new Error("boom");
+		});
+		await queue.run();
+
+		await queue.add(appJob("a"));
+		await queue.add(appJob("b"));
+		await flush();
+
+		expect(started).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+	});
+});

apps/dokploy/__test__/traefik/server/update-server-config.test.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ const baseSettings: WebServerSettings = {
 	letsEncryptEmail: null,
 	sshPrivateKey: null,
 	enableDockerCleanup: false,
+	buildsConcurrency: 1,
 	logCleanupCron: null,
 	metricsConfig: {
 		containers: {

apps/dokploy/components/dashboard/settings/servers/actions/builds-concurrency.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { toast } from "sonner";
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button";
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input";
+import { api } from "@/utils/api";
+
+// Free tier may set up to 2 concurrent builds; enterprise unlocks more.
+const FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY = 2;
+const ENTERPRISE_MAX_CONCURRENCY = 100;
+
+interface Props {
+	/**
+	 * When provided, configures concurrency for that remote server. When
+	 * omitted, configures the local Dokploy web server.
+	 */
+	serverId?: string;
+	/** Optional title override (e.g. the server name in a list). */
+	label?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Control to set the number of concurrent builds, either for a remote server
+ * (`serverId` provided) or the local web server (omitted). Available to
+ * everyone self-hosted up to FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY; higher values require a
+ * valid enterprise license. Not shown in cloud.
+ */
+export const BuildsConcurrency = ({ serverId, label }: Props) => {
+	const { data: isCloud } = api.settings.isCloud.useQuery();
+	const { data: haveValidLicense } =
+		api.licenseKey.haveValidLicenseKey.useQuery();
+
+	const serverQuery = api.server.one.useQuery(
+		{ serverId: serverId ?? "" },
+		{ enabled: !!serverId },
+	);
+	const webServerQuery = api.settings.getWebServerSettings.useQuery(undefined, {
+		enabled: !serverId,
+	});
+
+	const current = serverId
+		? serverQuery.data?.buildsConcurrency
+		: webServerQuery.data?.buildsConcurrency;
+	const refetch = serverId ? serverQuery.refetch : webServerQuery.refetch;
+
+	const updateServer = api.server.updateBuildsConcurrency.useMutation();
+	const updateWebServer = api.settings.updateBuildsConcurrency.useMutation();
+	const isPending = serverId
+		? updateServer.isPending
+		: updateWebServer.isPending;
+
+	const [value, setValue] = useState("1");
+
+	useEffect(() => {
+		if (current) {
+			setValue(String(current));
+		}
+	}, [current]);
+
+	// Concurrent builds are a self-hosted feature; not shown in cloud.
+	if (isCloud) return null;
+
+	const max = haveValidLicense
+		? ENTERPRISE_MAX_CONCURRENCY
+		: FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY;
+	const clamp = (n: number) => Math.min(max, Math.max(1, n));
+
+	const handleSave = async () => {
+		const parsed = clamp(Number.parseInt(value, 10) || 1);
+		setValue(String(parsed));
+		try {
+			if (serverId) {
+				await updateServer.mutateAsync({ serverId, buildsConcurrency: parsed });
+			} else {
+				await updateWebServer.mutateAsync({ buildsConcurrency: parsed });
+			}
+			await refetch();
+			toast.success("Builds concurrency updated");
+		} catch {
+			toast.error("Error updating builds concurrency");
+		}
+	};
+
+	const hasChanges = Number(value) !== (current ?? 1);
+
+	return (
+		<div className="flex flex-col gap-3 rounded-lg border p-3">
+			<div className="flex flex-row items-center justify-between gap-4">
+				<div className="space-y-0.5">
+					<div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+						<p className="text-sm font-medium">
+							{label ?? serverQuery.data?.name ?? "Dokploy Server"}
+						</p>
+						<span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground rounded border px-1.5 py-0.5">
+							{serverId
+								? (serverQuery.data?.ipAddress ?? "remote server")
+								: "local host"}
+						</span>
+					</div>
+				</div>
+				<div className="flex items-center gap-2">
+					<Input
+						type="number"
+						min={1}
+						max={max}
+						value={value}
+						onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
+						className="w-20"
+					/>
+					<Button
+						type="button"
+						size="sm"
+						onClick={handleSave}
+						isLoading={isPending}
+						disabled={!hasChanges}
+					>
+						Save
+					</Button>
+				</div>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	);
+};

apps/dokploy/components/layouts/side.tsx

@@ -298,6 +298,14 @@ const MENU: Menu = {
 			icon: Server,
 			isEnabled: ({ permissions }) => !!permissions?.server.read,
 		},
+		{
+			isSingle: true,
+			title: "Deployments",
+			url: "/dashboard/settings/deployments",
+			icon: Boxes,
+			isEnabled: ({ permissions, isCloud }) =>
+				!!(permissions?.server.read && !isCloud),
+		},
 		{
 			isSingle: true,
 			title: "Users",

apps/dokploy/drizzle/0172_quick_the_professor.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ALTER TABLE "server" ADD COLUMN "buildsConcurrency" integer DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "webServerSettings" ADD COLUMN "buildsConcurrency" integer DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL;

apps/dokploy/drizzle/meta/_journal.json

@@ -1205,6 +1205,13 @@
       "when": 1780775037209,
       "tag": "0171_lucky_echo",
       "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 172,
+      "version": "7",
+      "when": 1781045439162,
+      "tag": "0172_quick_the_professor",
+      "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]
 }

apps/dokploy/pages/dashboard/settings/deployments.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import { IS_CLOUD, validateRequest } from "@dokploy/server";
+import { createServerSideHelpers } from "@trpc/react-query/server";
+import type { GetServerSidePropsContext } from "next";
+import type { ReactElement } from "react";
+import superjson from "superjson";
+import { BuildsConcurrency } from "@/components/dashboard/settings/servers/actions/builds-concurrency";
+import { DashboardLayout } from "@/components/layouts/dashboard-layout";
+import { AlertBlock } from "@/components/shared/alert-block";
+import {
+	Card,
+	CardContent,
+	CardDescription,
+	CardHeader,
+	CardTitle,
+} from "@/components/ui/card";
+import { appRouter } from "@/server/api/root";
+import { api } from "@/utils/api";
+
+const Page = () => {
+	const { data: servers } = api.server.all.useQuery();
+
+	return (
+		<div className="w-full">
+			<div className="h-full rounded-xl max-w-5xl mx-auto flex flex-col gap-4">
+				<Card className="h-full bg-sidebar p-2.5 rounded-xl mx-auto w-full">
+					<div className="rounded-xl bg-background shadow-md">
+						<CardHeader>
+							<CardTitle className="text-xl">Concurrent Builds</CardTitle>
+							<CardDescription>
+								Configure how many deployments can build at the same time on
+								each server. Builds of the same service are always serialized.
+								Free plan allows up to 2 concurrent builds; an enterprise
+								license unlocks more.
+							</CardDescription>
+						</CardHeader>
+						<CardContent className="flex flex-col gap-6">
+							<AlertBlock type="warning">
+								Running multiple builds at once increases CPU, memory and disk
+								usage on each server. Each concurrent build runs its own builder
+								and image build, so set this based on the resources the machine
+								can handle — too high a value can exhaust memory and make
+								deployments fail.
+							</AlertBlock>
+							<div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+								<p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+									Dokploy Server
+								</p>
+								<BuildsConcurrency />
+							</div>
+
+							<div className="flex flex-col gap-2">
+								<p className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
+									Remote Servers
+								</p>
+								{servers && servers.length > 0 ? (
+									<div className="flex flex-col gap-3">
+										{servers.map((server) => (
+											<BuildsConcurrency
+												key={server.serverId}
+												serverId={server.serverId}
+												label={server.name}
+											/>
+										))}
+									</div>
+								) : (
+									<p className="text-sm text-muted-foreground rounded-lg border border-dashed p-4 text-center">
+										No remote servers added yet.
+									</p>
+								)}
+							</div>
+						</CardContent>
+					</div>
+				</Card>
+			</div>
+		</div>
+	);
+};
+
+export default Page;
+
+Page.getLayout = (page: ReactElement) => {
+	return <DashboardLayout metaName="Deployments">{page}</DashboardLayout>;
+};
+
+export async function getServerSideProps(ctx: GetServerSidePropsContext) {
+	const { req, res } = ctx;
+	const { user, session } = await validateRequest(ctx.req);
+	if (!user) {
+		return {
+			redirect: {
+				permanent: false,
+				destination: "/",
+			},
+		};
+	}
+	if (user.role === "member") {
+		return {
+			redirect: {
+				permanent: false,
+				destination: "/dashboard/settings/profile",
+			},
+		};
+	}
+	// Concurrent builds is a self-hosted feature only.
+	if (IS_CLOUD) {
+		return {
+			redirect: {
+				permanent: false,
+				destination: "/dashboard/settings/profile",
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	const helpers = createServerSideHelpers({
+		router: appRouter,
+		ctx: {
+			req: req as any,
+			res: res as any,
+			db: null as any,
+			session: session as any,
+			user: user as any,
+		},
+		transformer: superjson,
+	});
+	await helpers.user.get.prefetch();
+	await helpers.server.all.prefetch();
+
+	return {
+		props: {
+			trpcState: helpers.dehydrate(),
+			isCloud: IS_CLOUD,
+		},
+	};
+}

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/application.ts

@@ -68,11 +68,9 @@ import {
 	environments,
 	projects,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "@/server/queues/deployments-queue";
 import type { DeploymentJob } from "@/server/queues/queue-types";
 import {
 	cleanQueuesByApplication,
-	getJobsByApplicationId,
 	killDockerBuild,
 	myQueue,
 } from "@/server/queues/queueSetup";
@@ -242,12 +240,7 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				.returning();
 
 			if (!IS_CLOUD) {
-				const queueJobs = await getJobsByApplicationId(input.applicationId);
-				for (const job of queueJobs) {
-					if (job.id) {
-						deploymentWorker.cancelJob(job.id, "User requested cancellation");
-					}
-				}
+				await cleanQueuesByApplication(input.applicationId);
 			}
 
 			const cleanupOperations = [
@@ -339,10 +332,10 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "redeploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -707,9 +700,9 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "deploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -826,9 +819,9 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "deploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!app.serverId,
+				serverId: app.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && app.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = app.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/compose.ts

@@ -68,11 +68,9 @@ import {
 	environments,
 	projects,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "@/server/queues/deployments-queue";
 import type { DeploymentJob } from "@/server/queues/queue-types";
 import {
 	cleanQueuesByCompose,
-	getJobsByComposeId,
 	killDockerBuild,
 	myQueue,
 } from "@/server/queues/queueSetup";
@@ -252,12 +250,7 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				.returning();
 
 			if (!IS_CLOUD) {
-				const queueJobs = await getJobsByComposeId(input.composeId);
-				for (const job of queueJobs) {
-					if (job.id) {
-						deploymentWorker.cancelJob(job.id, "User requested cancellation");
-					}
-				}
+				await cleanQueuesByCompose(input.composeId);
 			}
 
 			const cleanupOperations = [
@@ -430,10 +423,10 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "compose",
 				descriptionLog: input.description || "",
 				server: !!compose.serverId,
+				serverId: compose.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && compose.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = compose.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -479,9 +472,9 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "compose",
 				descriptionLog: input.description || "",
 				server: !!compose.serverId,
+				serverId: compose.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && compose.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = compose.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/preview-deployment.ts

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ export const previewDeploymentRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "application-preview",
 				previewDeploymentId: input.previewDeploymentId,
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/server.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import {
 	apiFindOneServer,
 	apiRemoveServer,
 	apiUpdateServer,
+	apiUpdateServerBuildsConcurrency,
 	apiUpdateServerMonitoring,
 	applications,
 	compose,
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ import {
 	redis,
 	server,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
+import { assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed } from "@/server/queues/concurrency";
 import { applyDockerCleanupSchedule } from "@/server/utils/docker-cleanup";
 
 export const serverRouter = createTRPCRouter({
@@ -479,6 +481,24 @@ export const serverRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				throw error;
 			}
 		}),
+	updateBuildsConcurrency: withPermission("server", "create")
+		.input(apiUpdateServerBuildsConcurrency)
+		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
+			const currentServer = await findServerById(input.serverId);
+			if (currentServer.organizationId !== ctx.session.activeOrganizationId) {
+				throw new TRPCError({
+					code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
+					message: "You are not authorized to update this server",
+				});
+			}
+			await assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed(
+				input.buildsConcurrency,
+				ctx.session.activeOrganizationId,
+			);
+			return await updateServerById(input.serverId, {
+				buildsConcurrency: input.buildsConcurrency,
+			});
+		}),
 	publicIp: protectedProcedure.query(async () => {
 		if (IS_CLOUD) {
 			return "";

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/settings.ts

@@ -67,9 +67,11 @@ import {
 	apiServerSchema,
 	apiTraefikConfig,
 	apiUpdateDockerCleanup,
+	apiUpdateWebServerBuildsConcurrency,
 	projects,
 	server,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
+import { assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed } from "@/server/queues/concurrency";
 import { cleanAllDeploymentQueue } from "@/server/queues/queueSetup";
 import { removeJob, schedule } from "@/server/utils/backup";
 import packageInfo from "../../../package.json";
@@ -468,6 +470,33 @@ export const settingsRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 			return true;
 		}),
 
+	updateBuildsConcurrency: adminProcedure
+		.input(apiUpdateWebServerBuildsConcurrency)
+		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
+			if (IS_CLOUD) {
+				throw new TRPCError({
+					code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+					message: "This feature is only available for self-hosted instances",
+				});
+			}
+
+			await assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed(
+				input.buildsConcurrency,
+				ctx.session.activeOrganizationId,
+			);
+
+			await updateWebServerSettings({
+				buildsConcurrency: input.buildsConcurrency,
+			});
+
+			await audit(ctx, {
+				action: "update",
+				resourceType: "settings",
+				resourceName: "builds-concurrency",
+			});
+			return true;
+		}),
+
 	updateEnforceSSO: enterpriseProcedure
 		.input(z.object({ enforceSSO: z.boolean() }))
 		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {

apps/dokploy/server/queues/concurrency.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { db } from "@dokploy/server/db";
+import { organization, server } from "@dokploy/server/db/schema";
+import { hasValidLicense } from "@dokploy/server/services/proprietary/license-key";
+import { getWebServerSettings } from "@dokploy/server/services/web-server-settings";
+import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
+import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { LOCAL_PARTITION } from "./in-memory-queue";
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the effective builds concurrency for a queue partition.
+ *
+ * Concurrent deployments (concurrency > 1) are an enterprise feature: without a
+ * valid license the effective concurrency is always clamped to 1, so the
+ * community experience is unchanged and an expired license degrades gracefully
+ * back to sequential deployments instead of breaking anything.
+ *
+ * - `LOCAL_PARTITION` -> concurrency stored on the web server settings (the
+ *   local Dokploy web server), gated by the owner organization's license.
+ * - any other partition -> concurrency stored on the matching `server` row,
+ *   gated by that server's organization license.
+ */
+export const resolveBuildsConcurrency = async (
+	partition: string,
+): Promise<number> => {
+	try {
+		if (partition === LOCAL_PARTITION) {
+			return await resolveLocalConcurrency();
+		}
+		return await resolveServerConcurrency(partition);
+	} catch (error) {
+		console.error(
+			"Failed to resolve builds concurrency, defaulting to 1",
+			error,
+		);
+		return 1;
+	}
+};
+
+// Max concurrent builds allowed without an enterprise license. With a valid
+// license the value is unbounded (N) — only the free tier is capped.
+export const FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY = 2;
+
+const clamp = (value: number, licensed: boolean): number => {
+	const min = Math.max(1, Math.floor(value));
+	return licensed ? min : Math.min(FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY, min);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Validate a requested builds-concurrency value before persisting it. Free tier
+ * may set up to FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY; anything higher requires a valid
+ * enterprise license. Throws a TRPCError when the value is not allowed.
+ */
+export const assertBuildsConcurrencyAllowed = async (
+	value: number,
+	organizationId: string,
+): Promise<void> => {
+	if (value <= FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY) return;
+	const licensed = await hasValidLicense(organizationId);
+	if (!licensed) {
+		throw new TRPCError({
+			code: "FORBIDDEN",
+			message: `A valid enterprise license is required to set more than ${FREE_MAX_CONCURRENCY} concurrent builds.`,
+		});
+	}
+};
+
+const resolveLocalConcurrency = async (): Promise<number> => {
+	const settings = await getWebServerSettings();
+	const buildsConcurrency = settings?.buildsConcurrency ?? 1;
+
+	// Self-hosted is single-tenant; gate on any organization's license.
+	const anyOrg = await db.query.organization.findFirst({
+		columns: { id: true },
+	});
+	const licensed = anyOrg ? await hasValidLicense(anyOrg.id) : false;
+
+	return clamp(buildsConcurrency, licensed);
+};
+
+const resolveServerConcurrency = async (serverId: string): Promise<number> => {
+	const currentServer = await db.query.server.findFirst({
+		where: eq(server.serverId, serverId),
+		columns: { buildsConcurrency: true, organizationId: true },
+	});
+
+	if (!currentServer) return 1;
+
+	const licensed = await hasValidLicense(currentServer.organizationId);
+	return clamp(currentServer.buildsConcurrency, licensed);
+};

apps/dokploy/server/queues/deployments-queue.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {
 	deployApplication,
 	deployCompose,
 	deployPreviewApplication,
-	IS_CLOUD,
 	rebuildApplication,
 	rebuildCompose,
 	rebuildPreviewApplication,
@@ -10,87 +9,69 @@ import {
 	updateCompose,
 	updatePreviewDeployment,
 } from "@dokploy/server";
-import { type Job, Worker } from "bullmq";
-import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
-import { redisConfig } from "./redis-connection";
+import type { InMemoryJob } from "./in-memory-queue";
 
-const createDeploymentWorker = () =>
-	new Worker(
-		"deployments",
-		async (job: Job<DeploymentJob>) => {
-			try {
-				if (job.data.applicationType === "application") {
-					await updateApplicationStatus(job.data.applicationId, "running");
+/**
+ * Processes a single deployment job. Shared by the in-memory queue worker and
+ * (in cloud) the direct background execution path.
+ */
+export const processDeploymentJob = async (job: InMemoryJob) => {
+	try {
+		if (job.data.applicationType === "application") {
+			await updateApplicationStatus(job.data.applicationId, "running");
 
-					if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					}
-				} else if (job.data.applicationType === "compose") {
-					await updateCompose(job.data.composeId, {
-						composeStatus: "running",
-					});
-					if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployCompose({
-							composeId: job.data.composeId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildCompose({
-							composeId: job.data.composeId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					}
-				} else if (job.data.applicationType === "application-preview") {
-					await updatePreviewDeployment(job.data.previewDeploymentId, {
-						previewStatus: "running",
-					});
-
-					if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildPreviewApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-							previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployPreviewApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-							previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
-						});
-					}
-				}
-			} catch (error) {
-				console.log("Error", error);
+			if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
 			}
-		},
-		{
-			autorun: false,
-			connection: redisConfig,
-		},
-	);
+		} else if (job.data.applicationType === "compose") {
+			await updateCompose(job.data.composeId, {
+				composeStatus: "running",
+			});
+			if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployCompose({
+					composeId: job.data.composeId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildCompose({
+					composeId: job.data.composeId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			}
+		} else if (job.data.applicationType === "application-preview") {
+			await updatePreviewDeployment(job.data.previewDeploymentId, {
+				previewStatus: "running",
+			});
 
-/** No-op worker when Redis is disabled (e.g. IS_CLOUD). Avoids BullMQ connection errors. */
-const noopWorker = {
-	run: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	close: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	cancelJob: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	cancelAllJobs: () => Promise.resolve(),
+			if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildPreviewApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+					previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployPreviewApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+					previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
+				});
+			}
+		}
+	} catch (error) {
+		console.log("Error", error);
+	}
 };
-
-export const deploymentWorker = !IS_CLOUD
-	? createDeploymentWorker()
-	: (noopWorker as unknown as Worker<DeploymentJob>);

apps/dokploy/server/queues/in-memory-queue.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
+
+/**
+ * In-memory deployment queue for self-hosted instances.
+ *
+ * Replaces BullMQ/Redis for deployments. The model is per-group FIFO with a
+ * configurable concurrency per partition (server):
+ *
+ * - Jobs are partitioned by `serverId` (the local web server uses the
+ *   `LOCAL_PARTITION` key). Each partition runs up to `concurrency` jobs at
+ *   the same time, so two different applications can build concurrently.
+ * - Within a partition, jobs that belong to the same group (same application
+ *   or compose) never run in parallel — they are serialized FIFO. This avoids
+ *   two builds of the same service stepping on each other (same code dir,
+ *   same container name, etc).
+ *
+ * The concurrency is resolved lazily per partition through `resolveConcurrency`
+ * so it can be gated by the enterprise license at run time (a non-licensed
+ * instance always resolves to 1).
+ *
+ * The public surface (`add`, `getJobs`, `close`, `on`) mirrors the subset of
+ * BullMQ used by the routers so it can be a drop-in replacement.
+ */
+
+export const LOCAL_PARTITION = "__local__";
+
+export type JobState = "waiting" | "active";
+
+export interface InMemoryJob {
+	id: string;
+	name: string;
+	data: DeploymentJob;
+	timestamp: number;
+	processedOn?: number;
+	finishedOn?: number;
+	failedReason?: string;
+	getState: () => Promise<JobState>;
+	remove: () => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+type Processor = (job: InMemoryJob) => Promise<void>;
+
+/** Resolve the partition key (serverId) a job belongs to. */
+export const getPartition = (data: DeploymentJob): string =>
+	data.serverId ?? LOCAL_PARTITION;
+
+/** Resolve the FIFO group a job belongs to (the service being deployed). */
+export const getGroup = (data: DeploymentJob): string => {
+	if (data.applicationType === "compose") {
+		return `compose:${data.composeId}`;
+	}
+	return `application:${data.applicationId}`;
+};
+
+interface InternalJob {
+	id: string;
+	name: string;
+	data: DeploymentJob;
+	timestamp: number;
+	processedOn?: number;
+	finishedOn?: number;
+	failedReason?: string;
+	state: JobState;
+	partition: string;
+	group: string;
+}
+
+interface Partition {
+	waiting: InternalJob[];
+	/** Groups currently running in this partition. */
+	activeGroups: Set<string>;
+	active: InternalJob[];
+}
+
+export interface InMemoryQueueOptions {
+	/**
+	 * Returns the max number of jobs that may run in parallel for a given
+	 * partition. Called on every scheduling tick so license/config changes are
+	 * picked up without restarting the queue. Must return a value >= 1.
+	 */
+	resolveConcurrency: (partition: string) => Promise<number> | number;
+	/** Monotonic clock; injectable for tests. Defaults to Date.now. */
+	now?: () => number;
+}
+
+export class InMemoryQueue {
+	private partitions = new Map<string, Partition>();
+	private processor: Processor | null = null;
+	private running = false;
+	private seq = 0;
+	private readonly resolveConcurrency: InMemoryQueueOptions["resolveConcurrency"];
+	private readonly now: () => number;
+
+	constructor(options: InMemoryQueueOptions) {
+		this.resolveConcurrency = options.resolveConcurrency;
+		this.now = options.now ?? (() => Date.now());
+	}
+
+	private getPartitionState(key: string): Partition {
+		let partition = this.partitions.get(key);
+		if (!partition) {
+			partition = { waiting: [], activeGroups: new Set(), active: [] };
+			this.partitions.set(key, partition);
+		}
+		return partition;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Register the worker that processes each job. Registering a processor also
+	 * starts the queue: in dev (tsx/Next) the module that calls `run()` and the
+	 * module that calls `add()` can resolve to different instances, so we must
+	 * not depend on a separate `run()` call to flip `running` on.
+	 */
+	process(processor: Processor) {
+		this.processor = processor;
+		this.running = true;
+		this.schedule();
+	}
+
+	run() {
+		this.running = true;
+		this.schedule();
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	async add(data: DeploymentJob): Promise<{ id: string }> {
+		const id = `job-${++this.seq}`;
+		const partitionKey = getPartition(data);
+		const job: InternalJob = {
+			id,
+			name: "deployments",
+			data,
+			timestamp: this.now(),
+			state: "waiting",
+			partition: partitionKey,
+			group: getGroup(data),
+		};
+		this.getPartitionState(partitionKey).waiting.push(job);
+		this.schedule();
+		return { id };
+	}
+
+	private toPublic(job: InternalJob): InMemoryJob {
+		return {
+			id: job.id,
+			name: job.name,
+			data: job.data,
+			timestamp: job.timestamp,
+			processedOn: job.processedOn,
+			finishedOn: job.finishedOn,
+			getState: () => Promise.resolve(job.state),
+			remove: () => this.remove(job.id),
+		};
+	}
+
+	/** Snapshot of jobs in the requested states (defaults to waiting + active). */
+	getJobs(states?: JobState[]): Promise<InMemoryJob[]> {
+		const wantWaiting = !states || states.includes("waiting");
+		const wantActive = !states || states.includes("active");
+		const jobs: InMemoryJob[] = [];
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			if (wantWaiting) {
+				jobs.push(...partition.waiting.map((job) => this.toPublic(job)));
+			}
+			if (wantActive) {
+				jobs.push(...partition.active.map((job) => this.toPublic(job)));
+			}
+		}
+		return Promise.resolve(jobs);
+	}
+
+	/** Remove a single waiting job by id. Active jobs cannot be removed. */
+	remove(id: string): Promise<void> {
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			const before = partition.waiting.length;
+			partition.waiting = partition.waiting.filter((job) => job.id !== id);
+			if (partition.waiting.length !== before) break;
+		}
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	/** Remove waiting jobs matching a predicate. Active jobs are not affected. */
+	removeWaiting(predicate: (data: DeploymentJob) => boolean): number {
+		let removed = 0;
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			partition.waiting = partition.waiting.filter((job) => {
+				const match = predicate(job.data);
+				if (match) removed++;
+				return !match;
+			});
+		}
+		return removed;
+	}
+
+	/** Drop every waiting job across all partitions. */
+	clearWaiting(): number {
+		let removed = 0;
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			removed += partition.waiting.length;
+			partition.waiting = [];
+		}
+		return removed;
+	}
+
+	on() {
+		// No-op: kept for BullMQ API compatibility (error events, etc).
+	}
+
+	close() {
+		this.running = false;
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	private schedule() {
+		if (!this.running || !this.processor) return;
+		for (const key of this.partitions.keys()) {
+			void this.drainPartition(key);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private async drainPartition(key: string) {
+		const partition = this.partitions.get(key);
+		if (!partition || !this.processor) return;
+
+		const concurrency = Math.max(1, await this.resolveConcurrency(key));
+
+		while (partition.active.length < concurrency) {
+			// First waiting job whose group is not already running.
+			const index = partition.waiting.findIndex(
+				(job) => !partition.activeGroups.has(job.group),
+			);
+			if (index === -1) break;
+
+			const job = partition.waiting.splice(index, 1)[0];
+			if (!job) break;
+			job.state = "active";
+			job.processedOn = this.now();
+			partition.activeGroups.add(job.group);
+			partition.active.push(job);
+
+			void this.runJob(job);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private async runJob(job: InternalJob) {
+		try {
+			await this.processor?.(this.toPublic(job));
+		} catch (error) {
+			job.failedReason = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+			console.error("In-memory deployment job failed", error);
+		} finally {
+			job.finishedOn = this.now();
+			const partition = this.partitions.get(job.partition);
+			if (partition) {
+				partition.active = partition.active.filter((j) => j.id !== job.id);
+				partition.activeGroups.delete(job.group);
+			}
+			// A slot (and possibly the group) freed up — try to schedule more.
+			void this.drainPartition(job.partition);
+		}
+	}
+}

apps/dokploy/server/queues/queueSetup.ts

@@ -3,32 +3,89 @@ import {
 	execAsync,
 	execAsyncRemote,
 } from "@dokploy/server/utils/process/execAsync";
-import type { Job } from "bullmq";
-import { Queue } from "bullmq";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "./deployments-queue";
-import { redisConfig } from "./redis-connection";
+import { resolveBuildsConcurrency } from "./concurrency";
+import { processDeploymentJob } from "./deployments-queue";
+import { type InMemoryJob, InMemoryQueue } from "./in-memory-queue";
+import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
 
-/** No-op queue when Redis is disabled (e.g. IS_CLOUD). Avoids BullMQ connection errors. */
-const createNoopQueue = () => ({
-	getJobs: () => Promise.resolve([] as Job[]),
-	add: () =>
-		Promise.resolve({ id: "noop", remove: () => Promise.resolve() } as Job),
+/**
+ * Deployment queue.
+ *
+ * Self-hosted uses an in-memory, per-group FIFO queue with configurable
+ * concurrency per server (enterprise-gated). Cloud does not use the queue at
+ * all — deployments run directly in the background — so we expose a no-op.
+ */
+
+interface DeploymentQueue {
+	add: (
+		name: string,
+		data: DeploymentJob,
+		opts?: Record<string, unknown>,
+	) => Promise<{ id: string }>;
+	getJobs: (states?: Array<"waiting" | "active">) => Promise<InMemoryJob[]>;
+	close: () => Promise<void>;
+	on: (...args: unknown[]) => void;
+	run: () => Promise<void>;
+	removeWaiting: (predicate: (data: DeploymentJob) => boolean) => number;
+	clearWaiting: () => number;
+}
+
+const createNoopQueue = (): DeploymentQueue => ({
+	add: () => Promise.resolve({ id: "noop" }),
+	getJobs: () => Promise.resolve([]),
 	close: () => Promise.resolve(),
 	on: () => {},
+	run: () => Promise.resolve(),
+	removeWaiting: () => 0,
+	clearWaiting: () => 0,
 });
 
-const myQueue = !IS_CLOUD
-	? new Queue("deployments", { connection: redisConfig })
-	: (createNoopQueue() as unknown as Queue);
+const createInMemoryQueue = (): DeploymentQueue => {
+	const queue = new InMemoryQueue({
+		resolveConcurrency: resolveBuildsConcurrency,
+	});
+	queue.process(processDeploymentJob);
+
+	return {
+		add: (_name, data) => queue.add(data),
+		getJobs: (states) => queue.getJobs(states),
+		close: () => queue.close(),
+		on: () => {},
+		run: () => queue.run(),
+		removeWaiting: (predicate) => queue.removeWaiting(predicate),
+		clearWaiting: () => queue.clearWaiting(),
+	};
+};
+
+// Use a global singleton so the deployment queue is shared across every module
+// instance. In dev (tsx/Next) the same file can be evaluated more than once
+// (relative import in server.ts vs `@/` alias in the routers); without this the
+// worker and the `add()` calls would land on different queue instances.
+const globalForQueue = globalThis as unknown as {
+	__dokployDeploymentQueue?: DeploymentQueue;
+};
+
+if (!globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue) {
+	globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue = !IS_CLOUD
+		? createInMemoryQueue()
+		: createNoopQueue();
+}
+
+const myQueue: DeploymentQueue = globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue;
+
+/** Start processing jobs. Called once on server startup (self-hosted). */
+export const startDeploymentWorker = () => myQueue.run();
 
 export const getJobsByApplicationId = async (applicationId: string) => {
 	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs();
-	return jobs.filter((job) => job?.data?.applicationId === applicationId);
+	return jobs.filter(
+		(job) => (job.data as any)?.applicationId === applicationId,
+	);
 };
 
 export const getJobsByComposeId = async (composeId: string) => {
 	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs();
-	return jobs.filter((job) => job?.data?.composeId === composeId);
+	return jobs.filter((job) => (job.data as any)?.composeId === composeId);
 };
 
 if (!IS_CLOUD) {
@@ -36,44 +93,33 @@ if (!IS_CLOUD) {
 		myQueue.close();
 		process.exit(0);
 	});
-
-	myQueue.on("error", (error) => {
-		if ((error as any).code === "ECONNREFUSED") {
-			console.error(
-				"Make sure you have installed Redis and it is running.",
-				error,
-			);
-		}
-	});
 }
 
 export const cleanQueuesByApplication = async (applicationId: string) => {
-	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs(["waiting", "delayed"]);
+	const removed = myQueue.removeWaiting(
+		(data) => (data as any)?.applicationId === applicationId,
+	);
+	if (removed > 0) {
+		console.log(
+			`Removed ${removed} waiting job(s) for application ${applicationId}`,
+		);
+	}
+};
 
-	for (const job of jobs) {
-		if (job?.data?.applicationId === applicationId) {
-			await job.remove();
-			console.log(`Removed job ${job.id} for application ${applicationId}`);
-		}
+export const cleanQueuesByCompose = async (composeId: string) => {
+	const removed = myQueue.removeWaiting(
+		(data) => (data as any)?.composeId === composeId,
+	);
+	if (removed > 0) {
+		console.log(`Removed ${removed} waiting job(s) for compose ${composeId}`);
 	}
 };
 
 export const cleanAllDeploymentQueue = async () => {
-	deploymentWorker.cancelAllJobs("User requested cancellation");
+	myQueue.clearWaiting();
 	return true;
 };
 
-export const cleanQueuesByCompose = async (composeId: string) => {
-	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs(["waiting", "delayed"]);
-
-	for (const job of jobs) {
-		if (job?.data?.composeId === composeId) {
-			await job.remove();
-			console.log(`Removed job ${job.id} for compose ${composeId}`);
-		}
-	}
-};
-
 export const killDockerBuild = async (
 	type: "application" | "compose",
 	serverId: string | null,

apps/dokploy/server/server.ts

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ void app.prepare().then(async () => {
 
 		if (!IS_CLOUD) {
 			console.log("Starting Deployment Worker");
-			const { deploymentWorker } = await import("./queues/deployments-queue");
-			await deploymentWorker.run();
+			const { startDeploymentWorker } = await import("./queues/queueSetup");
+			await startDeploymentWorker();
 		}
 	} catch (e) {
 		console.error("Main Server Error", e);

packages/server/src/db/schema/server.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export const server = pgTable("server", {
 		.notNull()
 		.$defaultFn(() => generateAppName("server")),
 	enableDockerCleanup: boolean("enableDockerCleanup").notNull().default(false),
+	buildsConcurrency: integer("buildsConcurrency").notNull().default(1),
 	createdAt: text("createdAt").notNull(),
 	organizationId: text("organizationId")
 		.notNull()
@@ -182,6 +183,11 @@ export const apiUpdateServer = createSchema
 		enableDockerCleanup: z.boolean().default(true),
 	});
 
+export const apiUpdateServerBuildsConcurrency = z.object({
+	serverId: z.string().min(1),
+	buildsConcurrency: z.number().int().min(1).max(100),
+});
+
 export const apiUpdateServerMonitoring = createSchema
 	.pick({
 		serverId: true,

packages/server/src/db/schema/web-server-settings.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 import { relations } from "drizzle-orm";
-import { boolean, jsonb, pgTable, text, timestamp } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
+import {
+	boolean,
+	integer,
+	jsonb,
+	pgTable,
+	text,
+	timestamp,
+} from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
 import { createInsertSchema } from "drizzle-zod";
 import { nanoid } from "nanoid";
 import { z } from "zod";
@@ -98,6 +105,8 @@ export const webServerSettings = pgTable("webServerSettings", {
 		}),
 	// Deployment Configuration (self-hosted only)
 	remoteServersOnly: boolean("remoteServersOnly").notNull().default(false),
+	// Concurrent builds on the local web server (enterprise-gated to > 1)
+	buildsConcurrency: integer("buildsConcurrency").notNull().default(1),
 	// Auth Configuration (self-hosted only)
 	enforceSSO: boolean("enforceSSO").notNull().default(false),
 	// Cache Cleanup Configuration
@@ -161,6 +170,11 @@ export const apiUpdateWebServerSettings = createSchema.partial().extend({
 	cleanupCacheOnCompose: z.boolean().optional(),
 	remoteServersOnly: z.boolean().optional(),
 	enforceSSO: z.boolean().optional(),
+	buildsConcurrency: z.number().int().min(1).max(100).optional(),
+});
+
+export const apiUpdateWebServerBuildsConcurrency = z.object({
+	buildsConcurrency: z.number().int().min(1).max(100),
 });
 
 export const apiAssignDomain = z

packages/server/src/utils/builders/railpack.ts

@@ -44,10 +44,15 @@ export const getRailpackCommand = (application: ApplicationNested) => {
 	const secretsHash = calculateSecretsHash(envVariables);
 
 	const cacheKey = cleanCache ? nanoid(10) : undefined;
-	// Build command
+	// Build command.
+	// Use a unique builder name per build so concurrent deployments don't race
+	// on a shared "builder-containerd" instance (create/use/rm collisions).
+	const builderName = `railpack-${appName}-${nanoid(6)}`;
 	const buildArgs = [
 		"buildx",
 		"build",
+		"--builder",
+		builderName,
 		...(cacheKey
 			? [
 					"--build-arg",
@@ -84,17 +89,16 @@ export const getRailpackCommand = (application: ApplicationNested) => {
 
 	const bashCommand = `
 
-# Ensure we have a builder with containerd
+# Ensure we have a builder with containerd (isolated per build)
 
 export RAILPACK_VERSION=${application.railpackVersion}
 bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://railpack.com/install.sh)"
-docker buildx create --use --name builder-containerd --driver docker-container || true
-docker buildx use builder-containerd
+docker buildx create --name ${builderName} --driver docker-container || true
 
 echo "Preparing Railpack build plan..." ;
-railpack ${prepareArgs.join(" ")} || { 
+railpack ${prepareArgs.join(" ")} || {
 	echo "❌ Railpack prepare failed" ;
-	docker buildx rm builder-containerd || true
+	docker buildx rm ${builderName} || true
 	exit 1;
 }
 echo "✅ Railpack prepare completed." ;
@@ -102,13 +106,13 @@ echo "✅ Railpack prepare completed." ;
 echo "Building with Railpack frontend..." ;
 # Export environment variables for secrets
 ${exportEnvs.join("\n")}
-docker ${buildArgs.join(" ")} || { 
+docker ${buildArgs.join(" ")} || {
 	echo "❌ Railpack build failed" ;
-	docker buildx rm builder-containerd || true
+	docker buildx rm ${builderName} || true
 	exit 1;
 }
 echo "✅ Railpack build completed." ;
-docker buildx rm builder-containerd
+docker buildx rm ${builderName} || true
 `;
 
 	return bashCommand;

packages/server/src/utils/providers/bitbucket.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import {
 } from "@dokploy/server/services/bitbucket";
 import type { InferResultType } from "@dokploy/server/types/with";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-import { quote } from "shell-quote";
 import type { z } from "zod";
 
 export type ApplicationWithBitbucket = InferResultType<
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ export const cloneBitbucketRepository = async ({
 	const repoclone = `bitbucket.org/${bitbucketOwner}/${repoToUse}.git`;
 	const cloneUrl = getBitbucketCloneUrl(bitbucket, repoclone);
 	command += `echo "Cloning Repo ${repoclone} to ${outputPath}: ✅";`;
-	command += `git clone --branch ${quote([bitbucketBranch])} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
+	command += `git clone --branch ${bitbucketBranch} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
 	return command;
 };
 

packages/server/src/utils/providers/git.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import {
 	findSSHKeyById,
 	updateSSHKeyById,
 } from "@dokploy/server/services/ssh-key";
-import { quote } from "shell-quote";
 import { execAsync, execAsyncRemote } from "../process/execAsync";
 
 interface CloneGitRepository {
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ export const cloneGitRepository = async ({
 		command += "chmod 600 /tmp/id_rsa;";
 		command += `export GIT_SSH_COMMAND="${gitSshCommand}";`;
 	}
-	command += `if ! git clone --branch ${quote([customGitBranch ?? ""])} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} --progress ${customGitUrl} ${outputPath}; then
+	command += `if ! git clone --branch ${customGitBranch} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} --progress ${customGitUrl} ${outputPath}; then
 				echo "❌ [ERROR] Fail to clone the repository ${customGitUrl}";
 				exit 1;
 			fi

packages/server/src/utils/providers/gitea.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
 } from "@dokploy/server/services/gitea";
 import type { InferResultType } from "@dokploy/server/types/with";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-import { quote } from "shell-quote";
 
 export const getErrorCloneRequirements = (entity: {
 	giteaRepository?: string | null;
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ export const cloneGiteaRepository = async ({
 	);
 
 	command += `echo "Cloning Repo ${repoClone} to ${outputPath}: ✅";`;
-	command += `git clone --branch ${quote([giteaBranch])} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
+	command += `git clone --branch ${giteaBranch} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
 	return command;
 };
 

packages/server/src/utils/providers/github.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import type { InferResultType } from "@dokploy/server/types/with";
 import { createAppAuth } from "@octokit/auth-app";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
 import { Octokit } from "octokit";
-import { quote } from "shell-quote";
 import type { z } from "zod";
 
 export const authGithub = (githubProvider: Github): Octokit => {
@@ -168,7 +167,7 @@ export const cloneGithubRepository = async ({
 	const cloneUrl = `https://oauth2:${token}@${repoclone}`;
 
 	command += `echo "Cloning Repo ${repoclone} to ${outputPath}: ✅";`;
-	command += `git clone --branch ${quote([branch])} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
+	command += `git clone --branch ${branch} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
 
 	return command;
 };

packages/server/src/utils/providers/gitlab.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
 } from "@dokploy/server/services/gitlab";
 import type { InferResultType } from "@dokploy/server/types/with";
 import { TRPCError } from "@trpc/server";
-import { quote } from "shell-quote";
 import type { z } from "zod";
 
 export const refreshGitlabToken = async (gitlabProviderId: string) => {
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ export const cloneGitlabRepository = async ({
 	const repoClone = getGitlabRepoClone(gitlab, gitlabPathNamespace);
 	const cloneUrl = getGitlabCloneUrl(gitlab, repoClone);
 	command += `echo "Cloning Repo ${repoClone} to ${outputPath}: ✅";`;
-	command += `git clone --branch ${quote([gitlabBranch])} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
+	command += `git clone --branch ${gitlabBranch} --depth 1 ${enableSubmodules ? "--recurse-submodules" : ""} ${cloneUrl} ${outputPath} --progress;`;
 	return command;
 };
 

packages/server/src/utils/startup/cancel-deployments.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { deployments } from "@dokploy/server/db/schema";
-import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { applications, compose, deployments } from "@dokploy/server/db/schema";
+import { eq, inArray } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { db } from "../../db/index";
 
 export const initCancelDeployments = async () => {
@@ -14,6 +14,36 @@ export const initCancelDeployments = async () => {
 			.where(eq(deployments.status, "running"))
 			.returning();
 
+		// Reset the related services so they don't stay stuck in "running".
+		const applicationIds = [
+			...new Set(
+				result
+					.map((deployment) => deployment.applicationId)
+					.filter((id): id is string => !!id),
+			),
+		];
+		const composeIds = [
+			...new Set(
+				result
+					.map((deployment) => deployment.composeId)
+					.filter((id): id is string => !!id),
+			),
+		];
+
+		if (applicationIds.length > 0) {
+			await db
+				.update(applications)
+				.set({ applicationStatus: "idle" })
+				.where(inArray(applications.applicationId, applicationIds));
+		}
+
+		if (composeIds.length > 0) {
+			await db
+				.update(compose)
+				.set({ composeStatus: "idle" })
+				.where(inArray(compose.composeId, composeIds));
+		}
+
 		console.log(`Cancelled ${result.length} deployments`);
 	} catch (error) {
 		console.error(error);