chore(meta): dedupe and sort meta.json

Remove duplicate strapi entry so processed meta matches CI expectations.

Made-with: Cursor

meta.json

@@ -5952,24 +5952,6 @@
       "media"
     ]
   },
-  {
-    "id": "strapi",
-    "name": "Strapi",
-    "version": "v5.33.0",
-    "description": "Open-source headless CMS to build powerful APIs with built-in content management.",
-    "logo": "strapi.svg",
-    "links": {
-      "github": "https://github.com/strapi/strapi",
-      "discord": "https://discord.com/invite/strapi",
-      "docs": "https://docs.strapi.io",
-      "website": "https://strapi.io"
-    },
-    "tags": [
-      "headless",
-      "cms",
-      "content-management"
-    ]
-  },
   {
     "id": "supabase",
     "name": "SupaBase",