feat: encrypt environment variables at rest with AES-256-GCM

apps/dokploy/__test__/env/encryption.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+import {
+	decryptValue,
+	encryptValue,
+	isEncrypted,
+} from "@dokploy/server/lib/encryption";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+
+describe("encryptValue / decryptValue", () => {
+	it("round-trips a value", () => {
+		const value =
+			"DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:secret@host:5432/db\nAPI_KEY=123";
+		const encrypted = encryptValue(value);
+
+		expect(encrypted).not.toBe(value);
+		expect(isEncrypted(encrypted)).toBe(true);
+		expect(encrypted).not.toContain("secret");
+		expect(decryptValue(encrypted)).toBe(value);
+	});
+
+	it("uses a random IV so equal inputs produce different ciphertexts", () => {
+		const value = "KEY=value";
+		expect(encryptValue(value)).not.toBe(encryptValue(value));
+	});
+
+	it("passes legacy plaintext through on decrypt", () => {
+		const plaintext = "KEY=legacy-plaintext-value";
+		expect(decryptValue(plaintext)).toBe(plaintext);
+	});
+
+	it("passes empty values through unchanged", () => {
+		expect(encryptValue("")).toBe("");
+		expect(decryptValue("")).toBe("");
+	});
+
+	it("does not double-encrypt an already encrypted value", () => {
+		const encrypted = encryptValue("KEY=value");
+		expect(encryptValue(encrypted)).toBe(encrypted);
+	});
+
+	it("throws a descriptive error on tampered ciphertext", () => {
+		const encrypted = encryptValue("KEY=value");
+		const tampered = `${encrypted.slice(0, -4)}AAAA`;
+		expect(() => decryptValue(tampered)).toThrow(/BETTER_AUTH_SECRET/);
+	});
+});
+
+describe("dedicated ENCRYPTION_KEY", () => {
+	afterEach(() => {
+		vi.unstubAllEnvs();
+		vi.resetModules();
+	});
+
+	const loadWithEncryptionKey = async (key: string) => {
+		vi.stubEnv("ENCRYPTION_KEY", key);
+		vi.resetModules();
+		return await import("@dokploy/server/lib/encryption");
+	};
+
+	it("encrypts with the dedicated key when set", async () => {
+		const withKey = await loadWithEncryptionKey("my-dedicated-key");
+		const encrypted = withKey.encryptValue("KEY=value");
+
+		expect(withKey.decryptValue(encrypted)).toBe("KEY=value");
+		// The default (auth-secret derived) module cannot read it
+		expect(() => decryptValue(encrypted)).toThrow(/ENCRYPTION_KEY/);
+	});
+
+	it("still decrypts legacy values via the auth-secret fallback", async () => {
+		// Encrypted before the install adopted a dedicated key
+		const legacyEncrypted = encryptValue("KEY=legacy-value");
+
+		const withKey = await loadWithEncryptionKey("my-dedicated-key");
+		expect(withKey.decryptValue(legacyEncrypted)).toBe("KEY=legacy-value");
+	});
+
+	it("re-encrypts with the dedicated key on write", async () => {
+		const withKey = await loadWithEncryptionKey("my-dedicated-key");
+		const reEncrypted = withKey.encryptValue(
+			withKey.decryptValue(encryptValue("KEY=migrated")),
+		);
+
+		const other = await loadWithEncryptionKey("another-key");
+		// Readable only by the dedicated key (or its own fallback), proving
+		// the write used the primary key, not the legacy one
+		expect(withKey.decryptValue(reEncrypted)).toBe("KEY=migrated");
+		expect(() => other.decryptValue(reEncrypted)).toThrow();
+	});
+});

packages/server/src/db/schema/application.ts

@@ -51,7 +51,12 @@ import {
 	UpdateConfigSwarmSchema,
 } from "./shared";
 import { sshKeys } from "./ssh-key";
-import { APP_NAME_MESSAGE, APP_NAME_REGEX, generateAppName } from "./utils";
+import {
+	APP_NAME_MESSAGE,
+	APP_NAME_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
+	generateAppName,
+} from "./utils";
 export const sourceType = pgEnum("sourceType", [
 	"docker",
 	"git",
@@ -82,11 +87,11 @@ export const applications = pgTable("application", {
 		.$defaultFn(() => generateAppName("app"))
 		.unique(),
 	description: text("description"),
-	env: text("env"),
-	previewEnv: text("previewEnv"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
+	previewEnv: encryptedText("previewEnv"),
 	watchPaths: text("watchPaths").array(),
-	previewBuildArgs: text("previewBuildArgs"),
-	previewBuildSecrets: text("previewBuildSecrets"),
+	previewBuildArgs: encryptedText("previewBuildArgs"),
+	previewBuildSecrets: encryptedText("previewBuildSecrets"),
 	previewLabels: text("previewLabels").array(),
 	previewWildcard: text("previewWildcard"),
 	previewPort: integer("previewPort").default(3000),
@@ -105,8 +110,8 @@ export const applications = pgTable("application", {
 		"previewRequireCollaboratorPermissions",
 	).default(true),
 	rollbackActive: boolean("rollbackActive").default(false),
-	buildArgs: text("buildArgs"),
-	buildSecrets: text("buildSecrets"),
+	buildArgs: encryptedText("buildArgs"),
+	buildSecrets: encryptedText("buildSecrets"),
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),
 	cpuReservation: text("cpuReservation"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/compose.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@ import { schedules } from "./schedule";
 import { server } from "./server";
 import { applicationStatus, triggerType } from "./shared";
 import { sshKeys } from "./ssh-key";
-import { APP_NAME_MESSAGE, APP_NAME_REGEX, generateAppName } from "./utils";
+import {
+	APP_NAME_MESSAGE,
+	APP_NAME_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
+	generateAppName,
+} from "./utils";
 export const sourceTypeCompose = pgEnum("sourceTypeCompose", [
 	"git",
 	"github",
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ export const compose = pgTable("compose", {
 		.notNull()
 		.$defaultFn(() => generateAppName("compose")),
 	description: text("description"),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	composeFile: text("composeFile").notNull().default(""),
 	refreshToken: text("refreshToken").$defaultFn(() => nanoid()),
 	sourceType: sourceTypeCompose("sourceType").notNull().default("github"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/environment.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { mysql } from "./mysql";
 import { postgres } from "./postgres";
 import { projects } from "./project";
 import { redis } from "./redis";
+import { encryptedText } from "./utils";
 
 export const environments = pgTable("environment", {
 	environmentId: text("environmentId")
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ export const environments = pgTable("environment", {
 	createdAt: text("createdAt")
 		.notNull()
 		.$defaultFn(() => new Date().toISOString()),
-	env: text("env").notNull().default(""),
+	env: encryptedText("env").notNull().default(""),
 	projectId: text("projectId")
 		.notNull()
 		.references(() => projects.projectId, { onDelete: "cascade" }),

packages/server/src/db/schema/libsql.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import {
 import {
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_MESSAGE,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
 	generateAppName,
 } from "./utils";
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ export const libsql = pgTable("libsql", {
 	enableNamespaces: boolean("enableNamespaces").notNull().default(false),
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull(),
 	command: text("command"),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	// RESOURCES
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/mariadb.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
 	APP_NAME_REGEX,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_MESSAGE,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
 	generateAppName,
 } from "./utils";
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export const mariadb = pgTable("mariadb", {
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull(),
 	command: text("command"),
 	args: text("args").array(),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	// RESOURCES
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/mongo.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import {
 	APP_NAME_REGEX,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_MESSAGE,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
 	generateAppName,
 } from "./utils";
 
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ export const mongo = pgTable("mongo", {
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull().default("mongo:8"),
 	command: text("command"),
 	args: text("args").array(),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),
 	cpuReservation: text("cpuReservation"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/mysql.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
 	APP_NAME_REGEX,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_MESSAGE,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
 	generateAppName,
 } from "./utils";
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ export const mysql = pgTable("mysql", {
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull(),
 	command: text("command"),
 	args: text("args").array(),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),
 	cpuReservation: text("cpuReservation"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/postgres.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ import {
 	APP_NAME_REGEX,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_MESSAGE,
 	DATABASE_PASSWORD_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
 	generateAppName,
 } from "./utils";
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export const postgres = pgTable("postgres", {
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull(),
 	command: text("command"),
 	args: text("args").array(),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	externalPort: integer("externalPort"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/project.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 import { organization } from "./account";
 import { environments } from "./environment";
 import { projectTags } from "./tag";
+import { encryptedText } from "./utils";
 
 export const projects = pgTable("project", {
 	projectId: text("projectId")
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export const projects = pgTable("project", {
 	organizationId: text("organizationId")
 		.notNull()
 		.references(() => organization.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
-	env: text("env").notNull().default(""),
+	env: encryptedText("env").notNull().default(""),
 });
 
 export const projectRelations = relations(projects, ({ many, one }) => ({
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ const createSchema = createInsertSchema(projects, {
 	projectId: z.string().min(1),
 	name: z.string().min(1),
 	description: z.string().optional(),
+	env: z.string().optional(),
 });
 
 export const apiCreateProject = createSchema.pick({

packages/server/src/db/schema/redis.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,12 @@ import {
 	type UpdateConfigSwarm,
 	UpdateConfigSwarmSchema,
 } from "./shared";
-import { APP_NAME_MESSAGE, APP_NAME_REGEX, generateAppName } from "./utils";
+import {
+	APP_NAME_MESSAGE,
+	APP_NAME_REGEX,
+	encryptedText,
+	generateAppName,
+} from "./utils";
 
 export const redis = pgTable("redis", {
 	redisId: text("redisId")
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ export const redis = pgTable("redis", {
 	dockerImage: text("dockerImage").notNull(),
 	command: text("command"),
 	args: text("args").array(),
-	env: text("env"),
+	env: encryptedText("env"),
 	memoryReservation: text("memoryReservation"),
 	memoryLimit: text("memoryLimit"),
 	cpuReservation: text("cpuReservation"),

packages/server/src/db/schema/utils.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,36 @@
+import { decryptValue, encryptValue } from "@dokploy/server/lib/encryption";
 import { generatePassword } from "@dokploy/server/templates";
 import { faker } from "@faker-js/faker";
+import { customType } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";
 import { customAlphabet } from "nanoid";
 
+/**
+ * Text column encrypted at rest (AES-256-GCM, key derived from
+ * BETTER_AUTH_SECRET). Legacy plaintext values are passed through on read
+ * and get encrypted the next time they are written.
+ */
+export const encryptedText = customType<{ data: string; driverData: string }>({
+	dataType() {
+		return "text";
+	},
+	toDriver(value) {
+		return encryptValue(value);
+	},
+	fromDriver(value) {
+		try {
+			return decryptValue(value);
+		} catch {
+			// Fail open so a key mismatch (e.g. restoring a backup under a
+			// different BETTER_AUTH_SECRET) degrades to showing ciphertext
+			// instead of breaking every query that touches the row.
+			console.error(
+				"Failed to decrypt an encrypted column; returning the raw value. This usually means BETTER_AUTH_SECRET changed after the value was encrypted.",
+			);
+			return value;
+		}
+	},
+});
+
 const alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123456789";
 
 const customNanoid = customAlphabet(alphabet, 6);

packages/server/src/lib/encryption-secret.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { readSecret } from "../db/constants";
+
+const { ENCRYPTION_KEY, ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE } = process.env;
+
+function resolveEncryptionSecret(): string | undefined {
+	if (ENCRYPTION_KEY) {
+		return ENCRYPTION_KEY;
+	}
+	if (ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE) {
+		return readSecret(ENCRYPTION_KEY_FILE);
+	}
+	return undefined;
+}
+
+export const encryptionSecret = resolveEncryptionSecret();

packages/server/src/lib/encryption.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import {
+	createCipheriv,
+	createDecipheriv,
+	createHmac,
+	randomBytes,
+} from "node:crypto";
+import { betterAuthSecret } from "./auth-secret";
+import { encryptionSecret } from "./encryption-secret";
+
+const ENCRYPTION_PREFIX = "enc:v1:";
+const IV_LENGTH = 12;
+const AUTH_TAG_LENGTH = 16;
+
+const deriveKey = (secret: string) =>
+	createHmac("sha256", secret).update("dokploy:db-encryption:v1").digest();
+
+const primaryKey = deriveKey(encryptionSecret ?? betterAuthSecret);
+
+// Installs that adopt a dedicated ENCRYPTION_KEY still hold values encrypted
+// with the auth-secret-derived key; keep it as a decrypt fallback so they
+// lazily re-encrypt on the next write instead of becoming unreadable.
+const decryptionKeys = encryptionSecret
+	? [primaryKey, deriveKey(betterAuthSecret)]
+	: [primaryKey];
+
+export const isEncrypted = (value: string) =>
+	value.startsWith(ENCRYPTION_PREFIX);
+
+export const encryptValue = (value: string): string => {
+	if (!value || isEncrypted(value)) {
+		return value;
+	}
+	const iv = randomBytes(IV_LENGTH);
+	const cipher = createCipheriv("aes-256-gcm", primaryKey, iv);
+	const encrypted = Buffer.concat([
+		cipher.update(value, "utf8"),
+		cipher.final(),
+	]);
+	return `${ENCRYPTION_PREFIX}${Buffer.concat([iv, cipher.getAuthTag(), encrypted]).toString("base64")}`;
+};
+
+export const decryptValue = (value: string): string => {
+	if (!value || !isEncrypted(value)) {
+		return value;
+	}
+	const payload = Buffer.from(value.slice(ENCRYPTION_PREFIX.length), "base64");
+	const iv = payload.subarray(0, IV_LENGTH);
+	const authTag = payload.subarray(IV_LENGTH, IV_LENGTH + AUTH_TAG_LENGTH);
+	const encrypted = payload.subarray(IV_LENGTH + AUTH_TAG_LENGTH);
+	for (const key of decryptionKeys) {
+		try {
+			const decipher = createDecipheriv("aes-256-gcm", key, iv);
+			decipher.setAuthTag(authTag);
+			return Buffer.concat([
+				decipher.update(encrypted),
+				decipher.final(),
+			]).toString("utf8");
+		} catch {
+			// GCM auth failed for this key; try the next one.
+		}
+	}
+	throw new Error(
+		"Failed to decrypt a stored secret. This usually means ENCRYPTION_KEY or BETTER_AUTH_SECRET changed after the value was encrypted.",
+	);
+};