feat: add builds concurrency management for servers

- Introduced a new `BuildsConcurrency` component to manage the number of concurrent builds for both local and remote servers, gated by license validity.
- Implemented backend logic to resolve effective builds concurrency based on server settings and organization licenses.
- Added unit tests for concurrency resolution logic to ensure correct behavior under various licensing scenarios.
- Updated database schema to include `buildsConcurrency` field for servers and web server settings.
- Refactored deployment queue to support in-memory job processing with configurable concurrency limits.

This feature enhances deployment flexibility and control for enterprise users.

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/application.ts

@@ -68,11 +68,9 @@ import {
 	environments,
 	projects,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "@/server/queues/deployments-queue";
 import type { DeploymentJob } from "@/server/queues/queue-types";
 import {
 	cleanQueuesByApplication,
-	getJobsByApplicationId,
 	killDockerBuild,
 	myQueue,
 } from "@/server/queues/queueSetup";
@@ -242,12 +240,7 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				.returning();
 
 			if (!IS_CLOUD) {
-				const queueJobs = await getJobsByApplicationId(input.applicationId);
-				for (const job of queueJobs) {
-					if (job.id) {
-						deploymentWorker.cancelJob(job.id, "User requested cancellation");
-					}
-				}
+				await cleanQueuesByApplication(input.applicationId);
 			}
 
 			const cleanupOperations = [
@@ -339,10 +332,10 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "redeploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -707,9 +700,9 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "deploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -826,9 +819,9 @@ export const applicationRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				type: "deploy",
 				applicationType: "application",
 				server: !!app.serverId,
+				serverId: app.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && app.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = app.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/compose.ts

@@ -68,11 +68,9 @@ import {
 	environments,
 	projects,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "@/server/queues/deployments-queue";
 import type { DeploymentJob } from "@/server/queues/queue-types";
 import {
 	cleanQueuesByCompose,
-	getJobsByComposeId,
 	killDockerBuild,
 	myQueue,
 } from "@/server/queues/queueSetup";
@@ -252,12 +250,7 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				.returning();
 
 			if (!IS_CLOUD) {
-				const queueJobs = await getJobsByComposeId(input.composeId);
-				for (const job of queueJobs) {
-					if (job.id) {
-						deploymentWorker.cancelJob(job.id, "User requested cancellation");
-					}
-				}
+				await cleanQueuesByCompose(input.composeId);
 			}
 
 			const cleanupOperations = [
@@ -430,10 +423,10 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "compose",
 				descriptionLog: input.description || "",
 				server: !!compose.serverId,
+				serverId: compose.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && compose.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = compose.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});
@@ -479,9 +472,9 @@ export const composeRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "compose",
 				descriptionLog: input.description || "",
 				server: !!compose.serverId,
+				serverId: compose.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 			if (IS_CLOUD && compose.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = compose.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/preview-deployment.ts

@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ export const previewDeploymentRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				applicationType: "application-preview",
 				previewDeploymentId: input.previewDeploymentId,
 				server: !!application.serverId,
+				serverId: application.serverId ?? undefined,
 			};
 
 			if (IS_CLOUD && application.serverId) {
-				jobData.serverId = application.serverId;
 				deploy(jobData).catch((error) => {
 					console.error("Background deployment failed:", error);
 				});

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/server.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import { z } from "zod";
 import { updateServersBasedOnQuantity } from "@/pages/api/stripe/webhook";
 import {
 	createTRPCRouter,
+	enterpriseProcedure,
 	protectedProcedure,
 	withPermission,
 } from "@/server/api/trpc";
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ import {
 	apiFindOneServer,
 	apiRemoveServer,
 	apiUpdateServer,
+	apiUpdateServerBuildsConcurrency,
 	apiUpdateServerMonitoring,
 	applications,
 	compose,
@@ -479,6 +481,20 @@ export const serverRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 				throw error;
 			}
 		}),
+	updateBuildsConcurrency: enterpriseProcedure
+		.input(apiUpdateServerBuildsConcurrency)
+		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
+			const currentServer = await findServerById(input.serverId);
+			if (currentServer.organizationId !== ctx.session.activeOrganizationId) {
+				throw new TRPCError({
+					code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
+					message: "You are not authorized to update this server",
+				});
+			}
+			return await updateServerById(input.serverId, {
+				buildsConcurrency: input.buildsConcurrency,
+			});
+		}),
 	publicIp: protectedProcedure.query(async () => {
 		if (IS_CLOUD) {
 			return "";

apps/dokploy/server/api/routers/settings.ts

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import {
 	apiServerSchema,
 	apiTraefikConfig,
 	apiUpdateDockerCleanup,
+	apiUpdateWebServerBuildsConcurrency,
 	projects,
 	server,
 } from "@/server/db/schema";
@@ -468,6 +469,28 @@ export const settingsRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 			return true;
 		}),
 
+	updateBuildsConcurrency: enterpriseProcedure
+		.input(apiUpdateWebServerBuildsConcurrency)
+		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {
+			if (IS_CLOUD) {
+				throw new TRPCError({
+					code: "BAD_REQUEST",
+					message: "This feature is only available for self-hosted instances",
+				});
+			}
+
+			await updateWebServerSettings({
+				buildsConcurrency: input.buildsConcurrency,
+			});
+
+			await audit(ctx, {
+				action: "update",
+				resourceType: "settings",
+				resourceName: "builds-concurrency",
+			});
+			return true;
+		}),
+
 	updateEnforceSSO: enterpriseProcedure
 		.input(z.object({ enforceSSO: z.boolean() }))
 		.mutation(async ({ input, ctx }) => {

apps/dokploy/server/queues/concurrency.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { db } from "@dokploy/server/db";
+import { organization, server } from "@dokploy/server/db/schema";
+import { hasValidLicense } from "@dokploy/server/services/proprietary/license-key";
+import { getWebServerSettings } from "@dokploy/server/services/web-server-settings";
+import { eq } from "drizzle-orm";
+import { LOCAL_PARTITION } from "./in-memory-queue";
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the effective builds concurrency for a queue partition.
+ *
+ * Concurrent deployments (concurrency > 1) are an enterprise feature: without a
+ * valid license the effective concurrency is always clamped to 1, so the
+ * community experience is unchanged and an expired license degrades gracefully
+ * back to sequential deployments instead of breaking anything.
+ *
+ * - `LOCAL_PARTITION` -> concurrency stored on the web server settings (the
+ *   local Dokploy web server), gated by the owner organization's license.
+ * - any other partition -> concurrency stored on the matching `server` row,
+ *   gated by that server's organization license.
+ */
+export const resolveBuildsConcurrency = async (
+	partition: string,
+): Promise<number> => {
+	try {
+		if (partition === LOCAL_PARTITION) {
+			return await resolveLocalConcurrency();
+		}
+		return await resolveServerConcurrency(partition);
+	} catch (error) {
+		console.error(
+			"Failed to resolve builds concurrency, defaulting to 1",
+			error,
+		);
+		return 1;
+	}
+};
+
+const clamp = (value: number, licensed: boolean): number => {
+	if (!licensed) return 1;
+	return Math.min(20, Math.max(1, value));
+};
+
+const resolveLocalConcurrency = async (): Promise<number> => {
+	const settings = await getWebServerSettings();
+	const buildsConcurrency = settings?.buildsConcurrency ?? 1;
+
+	// Self-hosted is single-tenant; gate on any organization's license.
+	const anyOrg = await db.query.organization.findFirst({
+		columns: { id: true },
+	});
+	const licensed = anyOrg ? await hasValidLicense(anyOrg.id) : false;
+
+	return clamp(buildsConcurrency, licensed);
+};
+
+const resolveServerConcurrency = async (serverId: string): Promise<number> => {
+	const currentServer = await db.query.server.findFirst({
+		where: eq(server.serverId, serverId),
+		columns: { buildsConcurrency: true, organizationId: true },
+	});
+
+	if (!currentServer) return 1;
+
+	const licensed = await hasValidLicense(currentServer.organizationId);
+	return clamp(currentServer.buildsConcurrency, licensed);
+};

apps/dokploy/server/queues/deployments-queue.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import {
 	deployApplication,
 	deployCompose,
 	deployPreviewApplication,
-	IS_CLOUD,
 	rebuildApplication,
 	rebuildCompose,
 	rebuildPreviewApplication,
@@ -10,87 +9,69 @@ import {
 	updateCompose,
 	updatePreviewDeployment,
 } from "@dokploy/server";
-import { type Job, Worker } from "bullmq";
-import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
-import { redisConfig } from "./redis-connection";
+import type { InMemoryJob } from "./in-memory-queue";
 
-const createDeploymentWorker = () =>
-	new Worker(
-		"deployments",
-		async (job: Job<DeploymentJob>) => {
-			try {
-				if (job.data.applicationType === "application") {
-					await updateApplicationStatus(job.data.applicationId, "running");
+/**
+ * Processes a single deployment job. Shared by the in-memory queue worker and
+ * (in cloud) the direct background execution path.
+ */
+export const processDeploymentJob = async (job: InMemoryJob) => {
+	try {
+		if (job.data.applicationType === "application") {
+			await updateApplicationStatus(job.data.applicationId, "running");
 
-					if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					}
-				} else if (job.data.applicationType === "compose") {
-					await updateCompose(job.data.composeId, {
-						composeStatus: "running",
-					});
-					if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployCompose({
-							composeId: job.data.composeId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildCompose({
-							composeId: job.data.composeId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-						});
-					}
-				} else if (job.data.applicationType === "application-preview") {
-					await updatePreviewDeployment(job.data.previewDeploymentId, {
-						previewStatus: "running",
-					});
-
-					if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
-						await rebuildPreviewApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-							previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
-						});
-					} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
-						await deployPreviewApplication({
-							applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
-							titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
-							descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
-							previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
-						});
-					}
-				}
-			} catch (error) {
-				console.log("Error", error);
+			if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
 			}
-		},
-		{
-			autorun: false,
-			connection: redisConfig,
-		},
-	);
+		} else if (job.data.applicationType === "compose") {
+			await updateCompose(job.data.composeId, {
+				composeStatus: "running",
+			});
+			if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployCompose({
+					composeId: job.data.composeId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildCompose({
+					composeId: job.data.composeId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+				});
+			}
+		} else if (job.data.applicationType === "application-preview") {
+			await updatePreviewDeployment(job.data.previewDeploymentId, {
+				previewStatus: "running",
+			});
 
-/** No-op worker when Redis is disabled (e.g. IS_CLOUD). Avoids BullMQ connection errors. */
-const noopWorker = {
-	run: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	close: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	cancelJob: () => Promise.resolve(),
-	cancelAllJobs: () => Promise.resolve(),
+			if (job.data.type === "redeploy") {
+				await rebuildPreviewApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+					previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
+				});
+			} else if (job.data.type === "deploy") {
+				await deployPreviewApplication({
+					applicationId: job.data.applicationId,
+					titleLog: job.data.titleLog,
+					descriptionLog: job.data.descriptionLog,
+					previewDeploymentId: job.data.previewDeploymentId,
+				});
+			}
+		}
+	} catch (error) {
+		console.log("Error", error);
+	}
 };
-
-export const deploymentWorker = !IS_CLOUD
-	? createDeploymentWorker()
-	: (noopWorker as unknown as Worker<DeploymentJob>);

apps/dokploy/server/queues/in-memory-queue.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
+
+/**
+ * In-memory deployment queue for self-hosted instances.
+ *
+ * Replaces BullMQ/Redis for deployments. The model is per-group FIFO with a
+ * configurable concurrency per partition (server):
+ *
+ * - Jobs are partitioned by `serverId` (the local web server uses the
+ *   `LOCAL_PARTITION` key). Each partition runs up to `concurrency` jobs at
+ *   the same time, so two different applications can build concurrently.
+ * - Within a partition, jobs that belong to the same group (same application
+ *   or compose) never run in parallel — they are serialized FIFO. This avoids
+ *   two builds of the same service stepping on each other (same code dir,
+ *   same container name, etc).
+ *
+ * The concurrency is resolved lazily per partition through `resolveConcurrency`
+ * so it can be gated by the enterprise license at run time (a non-licensed
+ * instance always resolves to 1).
+ *
+ * The public surface (`add`, `getJobs`, `close`, `on`) mirrors the subset of
+ * BullMQ used by the routers so it can be a drop-in replacement.
+ */
+
+export const LOCAL_PARTITION = "__local__";
+
+export type JobState = "waiting" | "active";
+
+export interface InMemoryJob {
+	id: string;
+	name: string;
+	data: DeploymentJob;
+	timestamp: number;
+	processedOn?: number;
+	finishedOn?: number;
+	failedReason?: string;
+	getState: () => Promise<JobState>;
+	remove: () => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+type Processor = (job: InMemoryJob) => Promise<void>;
+
+/** Resolve the partition key (serverId) a job belongs to. */
+export const getPartition = (data: DeploymentJob): string =>
+	data.serverId ?? LOCAL_PARTITION;
+
+/** Resolve the FIFO group a job belongs to (the service being deployed). */
+export const getGroup = (data: DeploymentJob): string => {
+	if (data.applicationType === "compose") {
+		return `compose:${data.composeId}`;
+	}
+	return `application:${data.applicationId}`;
+};
+
+interface InternalJob {
+	id: string;
+	name: string;
+	data: DeploymentJob;
+	timestamp: number;
+	processedOn?: number;
+	finishedOn?: number;
+	failedReason?: string;
+	state: JobState;
+	partition: string;
+	group: string;
+}
+
+interface Partition {
+	waiting: InternalJob[];
+	/** Groups currently running in this partition. */
+	activeGroups: Set<string>;
+	active: InternalJob[];
+}
+
+export interface InMemoryQueueOptions {
+	/**
+	 * Returns the max number of jobs that may run in parallel for a given
+	 * partition. Called on every scheduling tick so license/config changes are
+	 * picked up without restarting the queue. Must return a value >= 1.
+	 */
+	resolveConcurrency: (partition: string) => Promise<number> | number;
+	/** Monotonic clock; injectable for tests. Defaults to Date.now. */
+	now?: () => number;
+}
+
+export class InMemoryQueue {
+	private partitions = new Map<string, Partition>();
+	private processor: Processor | null = null;
+	private running = false;
+	private seq = 0;
+	private readonly resolveConcurrency: InMemoryQueueOptions["resolveConcurrency"];
+	private readonly now: () => number;
+
+	constructor(options: InMemoryQueueOptions) {
+		this.resolveConcurrency = options.resolveConcurrency;
+		this.now = options.now ?? (() => Date.now());
+	}
+
+	private getPartitionState(key: string): Partition {
+		let partition = this.partitions.get(key);
+		if (!partition) {
+			partition = { waiting: [], activeGroups: new Set(), active: [] };
+			this.partitions.set(key, partition);
+		}
+		return partition;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Register the worker that processes each job. Registering a processor also
+	 * starts the queue: in dev (tsx/Next) the module that calls `run()` and the
+	 * module that calls `add()` can resolve to different instances, so we must
+	 * not depend on a separate `run()` call to flip `running` on.
+	 */
+	process(processor: Processor) {
+		this.processor = processor;
+		this.running = true;
+		this.schedule();
+	}
+
+	run() {
+		this.running = true;
+		this.schedule();
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	async add(data: DeploymentJob): Promise<{ id: string }> {
+		const id = `job-${++this.seq}`;
+		const partitionKey = getPartition(data);
+		const job: InternalJob = {
+			id,
+			name: "deployments",
+			data,
+			timestamp: this.now(),
+			state: "waiting",
+			partition: partitionKey,
+			group: getGroup(data),
+		};
+		this.getPartitionState(partitionKey).waiting.push(job);
+		this.schedule();
+		return { id };
+	}
+
+	private toPublic(job: InternalJob): InMemoryJob {
+		return {
+			id: job.id,
+			name: job.name,
+			data: job.data,
+			timestamp: job.timestamp,
+			processedOn: job.processedOn,
+			finishedOn: job.finishedOn,
+			getState: () => Promise.resolve(job.state),
+			remove: () => this.remove(job.id),
+		};
+	}
+
+	/** Snapshot of jobs in the requested states (defaults to waiting + active). */
+	getJobs(states?: JobState[]): Promise<InMemoryJob[]> {
+		const wantWaiting = !states || states.includes("waiting");
+		const wantActive = !states || states.includes("active");
+		const jobs: InMemoryJob[] = [];
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			if (wantWaiting) {
+				jobs.push(...partition.waiting.map((job) => this.toPublic(job)));
+			}
+			if (wantActive) {
+				jobs.push(...partition.active.map((job) => this.toPublic(job)));
+			}
+		}
+		return Promise.resolve(jobs);
+	}
+
+	/** Remove a single waiting job by id. Active jobs cannot be removed. */
+	remove(id: string): Promise<void> {
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			const before = partition.waiting.length;
+			partition.waiting = partition.waiting.filter((job) => job.id !== id);
+			if (partition.waiting.length !== before) break;
+		}
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	/** Remove waiting jobs matching a predicate. Active jobs are not affected. */
+	removeWaiting(predicate: (data: DeploymentJob) => boolean): number {
+		let removed = 0;
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			partition.waiting = partition.waiting.filter((job) => {
+				const match = predicate(job.data);
+				if (match) removed++;
+				return !match;
+			});
+		}
+		return removed;
+	}
+
+	/** Drop every waiting job across all partitions. */
+	clearWaiting(): number {
+		let removed = 0;
+		for (const partition of this.partitions.values()) {
+			removed += partition.waiting.length;
+			partition.waiting = [];
+		}
+		return removed;
+	}
+
+	on() {
+		// No-op: kept for BullMQ API compatibility (error events, etc).
+	}
+
+	close() {
+		this.running = false;
+		return Promise.resolve();
+	}
+
+	private schedule() {
+		if (!this.running || !this.processor) return;
+		for (const key of this.partitions.keys()) {
+			void this.drainPartition(key);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private async drainPartition(key: string) {
+		const partition = this.partitions.get(key);
+		if (!partition || !this.processor) return;
+
+		const concurrency = Math.max(1, await this.resolveConcurrency(key));
+
+		while (partition.active.length < concurrency) {
+			// First waiting job whose group is not already running.
+			const index = partition.waiting.findIndex(
+				(job) => !partition.activeGroups.has(job.group),
+			);
+			if (index === -1) break;
+
+			const job = partition.waiting.splice(index, 1)[0];
+			if (!job) break;
+			job.state = "active";
+			job.processedOn = this.now();
+			partition.activeGroups.add(job.group);
+			partition.active.push(job);
+
+			void this.runJob(job);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private async runJob(job: InternalJob) {
+		try {
+			await this.processor?.(this.toPublic(job));
+		} catch (error) {
+			job.failedReason = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+			console.error("In-memory deployment job failed", error);
+		} finally {
+			job.finishedOn = this.now();
+			const partition = this.partitions.get(job.partition);
+			if (partition) {
+				partition.active = partition.active.filter((j) => j.id !== job.id);
+				partition.activeGroups.delete(job.group);
+			}
+			// A slot (and possibly the group) freed up — try to schedule more.
+			void this.drainPartition(job.partition);
+		}
+	}
+}

apps/dokploy/server/queues/queueSetup.ts

@@ -3,32 +3,89 @@ import {
 	execAsync,
 	execAsyncRemote,
 } from "@dokploy/server/utils/process/execAsync";
-import type { Job } from "bullmq";
-import { Queue } from "bullmq";
-import { deploymentWorker } from "./deployments-queue";
-import { redisConfig } from "./redis-connection";
+import { resolveBuildsConcurrency } from "./concurrency";
+import { processDeploymentJob } from "./deployments-queue";
+import { type InMemoryJob, InMemoryQueue } from "./in-memory-queue";
+import type { DeploymentJob } from "./queue-types";
 
-/** No-op queue when Redis is disabled (e.g. IS_CLOUD). Avoids BullMQ connection errors. */
-const createNoopQueue = () => ({
-	getJobs: () => Promise.resolve([] as Job[]),
-	add: () =>
-		Promise.resolve({ id: "noop", remove: () => Promise.resolve() } as Job),
+/**
+ * Deployment queue.
+ *
+ * Self-hosted uses an in-memory, per-group FIFO queue with configurable
+ * concurrency per server (enterprise-gated). Cloud does not use the queue at
+ * all — deployments run directly in the background — so we expose a no-op.
+ */
+
+interface DeploymentQueue {
+	add: (
+		name: string,
+		data: DeploymentJob,
+		opts?: Record<string, unknown>,
+	) => Promise<{ id: string }>;
+	getJobs: (states?: Array<"waiting" | "active">) => Promise<InMemoryJob[]>;
+	close: () => Promise<void>;
+	on: (...args: unknown[]) => void;
+	run: () => Promise<void>;
+	removeWaiting: (predicate: (data: DeploymentJob) => boolean) => number;
+	clearWaiting: () => number;
+}
+
+const createNoopQueue = (): DeploymentQueue => ({
+	add: () => Promise.resolve({ id: "noop" }),
+	getJobs: () => Promise.resolve([]),
 	close: () => Promise.resolve(),
 	on: () => {},
+	run: () => Promise.resolve(),
+	removeWaiting: () => 0,
+	clearWaiting: () => 0,
 });
 
-const myQueue = !IS_CLOUD
-	? new Queue("deployments", { connection: redisConfig })
-	: (createNoopQueue() as unknown as Queue);
+const createInMemoryQueue = (): DeploymentQueue => {
+	const queue = new InMemoryQueue({
+		resolveConcurrency: resolveBuildsConcurrency,
+	});
+	queue.process(processDeploymentJob);
+
+	return {
+		add: (_name, data) => queue.add(data),
+		getJobs: (states) => queue.getJobs(states),
+		close: () => queue.close(),
+		on: () => {},
+		run: () => queue.run(),
+		removeWaiting: (predicate) => queue.removeWaiting(predicate),
+		clearWaiting: () => queue.clearWaiting(),
+	};
+};
+
+// Use a global singleton so the deployment queue is shared across every module
+// instance. In dev (tsx/Next) the same file can be evaluated more than once
+// (relative import in server.ts vs `@/` alias in the routers); without this the
+// worker and the `add()` calls would land on different queue instances.
+const globalForQueue = globalThis as unknown as {
+	__dokployDeploymentQueue?: DeploymentQueue;
+};
+
+if (!globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue) {
+	globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue = !IS_CLOUD
+		? createInMemoryQueue()
+		: createNoopQueue();
+}
+
+const myQueue: DeploymentQueue = globalForQueue.__dokployDeploymentQueue;
+
+/** Start processing jobs. Called once on server startup (self-hosted). */
+export const startDeploymentWorker = () => myQueue.run();
 
 export const getJobsByApplicationId = async (applicationId: string) => {
 	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs();
-	return jobs.filter((job) => job?.data?.applicationId === applicationId);
+	return jobs.filter(
+		(job) => (job.data as any)?.applicationId === applicationId,
+	);
 };
 
 export const getJobsByComposeId = async (composeId: string) => {
 	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs();
-	return jobs.filter((job) => job?.data?.composeId === composeId);
+	return jobs.filter((job) => (job.data as any)?.composeId === composeId);
 };
 
 if (!IS_CLOUD) {
@@ -36,44 +93,33 @@ if (!IS_CLOUD) {
 		myQueue.close();
 		process.exit(0);
 	});
-
-	myQueue.on("error", (error) => {
-		if ((error as any).code === "ECONNREFUSED") {
-			console.error(
-				"Make sure you have installed Redis and it is running.",
-				error,
-			);
-		}
-	});
 }
 
 export const cleanQueuesByApplication = async (applicationId: string) => {
-	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs(["waiting", "delayed"]);
+	const removed = myQueue.removeWaiting(
+		(data) => (data as any)?.applicationId === applicationId,
+	);
+	if (removed > 0) {
+		console.log(
+			`Removed ${removed} waiting job(s) for application ${applicationId}`,
+		);
+	}
+};
 
-	for (const job of jobs) {
-		if (job?.data?.applicationId === applicationId) {
-			await job.remove();
-			console.log(`Removed job ${job.id} for application ${applicationId}`);
-		}
+export const cleanQueuesByCompose = async (composeId: string) => {
+	const removed = myQueue.removeWaiting(
+		(data) => (data as any)?.composeId === composeId,
+	);
+	if (removed > 0) {
+		console.log(`Removed ${removed} waiting job(s) for compose ${composeId}`);
 	}
 };
 
 export const cleanAllDeploymentQueue = async () => {
-	deploymentWorker.cancelAllJobs("User requested cancellation");
+	myQueue.clearWaiting();
 	return true;
 };
 
-export const cleanQueuesByCompose = async (composeId: string) => {
-	const jobs = await myQueue.getJobs(["waiting", "delayed"]);
-
-	for (const job of jobs) {
-		if (job?.data?.composeId === composeId) {
-			await job.remove();
-			console.log(`Removed job ${job.id} for compose ${composeId}`);
-		}
-	}
-};
-
 export const killDockerBuild = async (
 	type: "application" | "compose",
 	serverId: string | null,

apps/dokploy/server/server.ts

@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ void app.prepare().then(async () => {
 
 		if (!IS_CLOUD) {
 			console.log("Starting Deployment Worker");
-			const { deploymentWorker } = await import("./queues/deployments-queue");
-			await deploymentWorker.run();
+			const { startDeploymentWorker } = await import("./queues/queueSetup");
+			await startDeploymentWorker();
 		}
 	} catch (e) {
 		console.error("Main Server Error", e);